Using this type of stimulus,researchers can manipulate both the expectations of the participantprior to viewing the figure, or the actual physical characteristicsof the figure itself, biasing recognition of one image over theother. One of the most famous examples of this type of figureis the "face-vase" figure introduced by Danish psychologist EdgarRubin in 1915 (Goldstein, 1999). The idea of this separation of images is commonly referred toas "figure-ground reversal", and was a major influence of Gestaltpsychologists. Only oneimage in the reversible figure can be perceived at one time, allowingresearchers to examine a recordable response from participants( Stark,1999). Ambiguous figures are stimulithat contain two perceivable images that seem to reverse. One way to measure the differences inthese two types of processing is to present a stimulus to people thatcan be perceived in more than one way. ![]() If a perception is influencedby what a person expects, or has experienced before, it is referredto as "top-down" influence. Perceptionsinfluenced by the visual field itself, or changes in stimuli arereferred to as "bottom-up" influences. Oneway of studying the way that memory and experience interact withperception is to look at the differences in true object perceptionand perceptions influenced by memory and experience. Understanding the waymemories, experiences and expectations are perceived can enhance theway we view perception as a whole through better understanding. The influence of the human brain on visual perception is largelystudied in the field of psychology today. (Paper compiled from individual papers written by theseven student in PSY 440, Spring 2000) As long as the first and last letters are in the correct place it doesn’t matter what order the letters of a word are in.Top-Down v Bottom-up Experiment Paper Investigating the Relative Influence of Top-Downversus Bottom-Up Processing on Viewing Ambiguous Figures The human mind uses top down processing to read, as it does not read every letter by itself, rather the word as a whole. As lnog as the fisrt and lsat ltreets are in the crceort plcae it dseon’t maettr what oredr the lettres of a wrod are in. The human mind uses top down processing to read, as it does not read every leettr by ietslf, rthaer the wrod as a wlohe. It might be very difficult to identify a single letter, but easier in the context of the whole sentence. See how you go from larger to smaller in the sentance. In top down processing perceptions are formed based on our previous experiences beginning with the largest idea or concept and gradually working towards the finner details.įor example, it is easier to read messy handwriting in a sentence than trying to read one word because the sentence provides a context for processing the handwriting. Top down processing sensory (sight, smell, touch, taste, and sound) input into large chunks of infomation. ![]() The mind is slower to interpret the color of the word than the word itself because people automatically recognize the word before thinking of the color. This is because top-down processing uses your existing knowledge to make an educated guess about the sign’s contents.Īnother example would be the Stroop effect, in which color words are printed in other colors (the word “blue” printed in pink ink, the word “white” printed in green ink, and so on). Despite this, you are still able to read the sign. As you are driving, you see a sign for a restaurant which is missing several letters. It is influenced by context (what we expect to find in a given situation) and motivation.Īn example would be you driving down a street in a city you are not familiar with. It can be either conscious or unconscious. Top-down processing begins with thoughts and flows downward to the senses it is initiated by a larger concept, idea, or object and works from the general to the specific. Top-down processing is the cognitive process through which our brain uses information that has been brought into the brain via one or more sensory systems.
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